Introduction: That one of the problems is mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate obsessive-compulsive disorder in Children with and without CKD in Amirkabir hospital of Arak.

Method: 80, 7-17-year-old children with CKD and 80 healthy children without CKD were included in this case – control study as case and control groups, respectively. The participants were selected from those children who were referred to the pediatric clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital of Arak (Iran) in the form of simple probability and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Questionnaire on demographic and clinical information and the OCI-CV (for obsessive-compulsive disorder) were completed. Data were analyzed by t-test test in SPSS18.

Results: The mean doubting/checking (p=0.007) and ordering (p=0.005) in children with CKD was significantly higher than healthy children. Average total OCI-CV scores in the case group with 15.32±7.69 was significantly more than the control group with 11.12±2.54 (p=0.021). There was significant correlation between duration of CKD and doubting/checking (p=0.004), obsession (p=0.06), washing (p=0.031), ordering (p=0.001) and all OCI-CV point (p=0.04).

Conclusion: According to our study, OCD in children with CKD was significantly higher than healthy children. However, based on these results, it is recommended to carry out the necessary psychiatric interventions in children with CKD seem useful, However, due to lack of studies, further studies are recommended to obtain more definite results.