Introduction: morning exercise can be effective on skill related physical fitness factors. Aim of present study is to evaluate effects of morning exercise on skill related physical fitness factors of the girls aged between 11 and 13 years old.

Method: 30 students of an elementary school (Shahid Hassan Dehqan School) were chosen from among 66 volunteer students in a random sampling. At the beginning, all of the skill related physical fitness factors of the students were measured using vertical jumping test (validity 0.80), Nelson ruler test (validity .081) and 45-meter running test (validity 0.90). Then, in appropriate with their physical fitness, they were divided into two groups of morning exercise group and control group. Morning exercise group conducted morning exercise for six weeks; three session per-week and 45 minutes per-session. In this period the control group did not conduct any special exercise and they just did their daily routine activities. At the end of the six weeks, all of the skill related physical fitness factors of the students were measured again. dependent and independent t test and ANCOVA test were used for data analysis of the findings.

Findings: Results of the independent t test showed that six weeks morning exercise has significant effect on progress of agility (p=0.001), but it has no significant effect on reaction speed (p=0.06). Results of the ANCOVA test also showed that six weeks morning training has meaningful effects on improvement of speed and power of girls (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Consequences of the present study proves that six weeks morning exercise has positive effects on improvement of skill related physical fitness factors of girls.

Introduction: There are a few researches about effects of exercises on physical fitness factors of children with mental retardation. The aim of the present study was to review the effect of eight weeks of posture and balance training on physical fitness factors of children with mental retardation.

Methods: Thirty voluntary students of Laleh Mental Retardation Elementary School of Yasuij city were selected as the sample by purposive sampling. In the pretest stage, all subjects were measured with a static balance, dynamic balance, muscle strength, flexibility and muscle endurance, and were then divided to two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group was trained with selective exercises for eight weeks and the control group performed their daily activities. After eight weeks, in posttest, all variables were measured again in the same manner as the pre-test stage.

Results: Results showed that eight weeks of posture and balance training had a significant effect on improvement of static balance (P = 0.02), flexibility (P = 0.001) and muscle endurance (P = 0.006) of children with mental retardation; nevertheless, it had no significant effect on improvement of dynamic balance (P = 0.99) and muscle strength (P = 0.11) of children with mental retardation.

Conclusions: Regarding the findings of the present research, it is concluded that to improve the physical fitness of children with mental retardation, eight weeks of posture and balance training could be used.