Introduction: The proper function of breastfeeding, particularly in the first hours of birth is an important factor for successful breast-feeding in nulliparous women. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on the breastfeeding of the nulliparous women.

Methods: In this RCT study, 92 primiparous mothers in the hospital of Imam Reza of Kermanshah selected based on available sampling in 2015.Mothers with 32 weeks of pregnancy, completed questionnaire based on HBM before education. They also completed questionnaire after a four-hour training session and also one hour after delivery. The performance of breastfeeding of mothers was observed and recorded by the researcher.

Results: The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics and structure of HBM model at the beginning of the study. Independent t-test showed a significant differences in mean scores of Perceived susceptibility (p<0.001), Perceived severity (p<0.001), Perceived benefits (p<0.001), Perceived barriers (p<0.001), Cues to action (p<0.001) and Self efficacy (p<0.001) between two groups after delivery. The performance of breastfeeding in two groups (case&control) had a significant differences (p<0.001). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed a significant difference in all structures of HBM in three stages of intervention in the experimental group (p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Education Based on Health Belief Model on breastfeeding promoted the health belief model structures (percieved susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action and self efficacy and improved lactation performance.